Spring MVC is part of Springframework. It allow us to create application based on MVC design pattern in way that, we can leverage other features of Spring like authentication, ORM, AOP and others.
In Spring MVC core component is the DispatcherServlet{link}, It works as front-controller. All request are processed by DispatcherServlet. It is also responbile for deleting request to suitable handlers.
Structure
We are using standard Maven web project structure
Dependencies
<!-- for compile only, your container will provide this -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>3.0.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- JSTL -->
<dependency>
<groupId>taglibs</groupId>
<artifactId>standard</artifactId>
<version>1.1.2</version>
</dependency>
Request Controller
You can use or extend any of controller that comes from Spring or create you own by extendng AbstractController and implement handleRequestInternal method.
package com.techartifact.example.springmvc.controller;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.AbstractController;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class HelloController extends AbstractController {
private String message;
public void setMessage(String message) {
this.message = message;
}
@Override
protected ModelAndView handleRequestInternal(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception {
ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView("hello");
modelAndView.addObject("message", message);
return modelAndView;
}
}
Flow in a Spring MVC application is as follows:
The request is received by our DispatcherServlet
-
DispatcherServlet has responsibility to find the controller for request. This process would be done in HandlerMapping phase.
-
After controller has been found, DispatcherServlet will forward the request to Controller.
- Controller has the business logic to compute what model it will return to Dispatcher. It means Controller will return Model and view where it needs to displayed
- Once the ModelAndView has been dispatched to the DispatcherServlet from controller, DispatcherServlet will asociate the view name sent by the Controller with the specified view.
-
After the view had been resolved, our DispatcherServlet will pass our Model object to the concrete View.
View
In this example we are using jsp for view
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>SpringMVC Hello world</title>
</head>
<body>
Message from Spring "${message}"
</html>
Spring Configuration
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean name="/hello.htm" class="com.techartifact.example.springmvc.controller.HelloController">
<property name="message" value="This is sample message"/>
</bean>
<bean id="viewResolver"
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix">
<value>/WEB-INF/jsp/</value>
</property>
<property name="suffix">
<value>.jsp</value>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
Web descriptor
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
version="2.5">
<display-name>Spring MVC example</display-name>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springapp</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>WEB-INF/spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springapp</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.htm</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
Run example
Download full example code from here spring-webmvc-example
Go to project directory [spring-webmvc-example] in command shell and run following command using maven
mvn clean package
mvn -Pcargo-run
You should see following output in your browser
http://localhost:8080/springmvc/hello.htm
